The body has a network of daily (circadian) clocks that influences most areas of our health, including sleep and metabolism. A central clock in the brain is closely tied to daily sleep rhythms. But there are also clocks in other tissues – such as liver, muscle and fat – and they play an important role in metabolism.
Changing the relationship between our internal body clock system and daily changes in the outside environment is called “circadian desynchrony”. In our lives, circadian desynchrony occurs in situations such as shift work and jet lag, where there is a mismatch between internal circadian rhythm and environmental rhythms, such as the light-dark cycle.
Past laboratory research of human circadian desynchrony has tested a 12-hour difference between our internal clock system and environmental changes, by inverting environmental and behaviour patterns over one to two days. The study showed changes in the participants’ metabolism, with poorer blood sugar control. However, the effects of more modest circadian desynchrony, and recovery from these effects, are not well understood.
To address this, we conducted an experiment in which men and women were subjected to a five-hour change in their environmental and behavioural patterns. This was achieved by delaying bedtime by five hours. Measurements were taken before the five-hour delay and...
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